Succinic Acid

Succinic acid or amber acid is a dicarboxylic acid and is an essential component of the Krebs or citric acid cycle, a key metabolic pathway regulating respiratory chain in mitochondria.

Succinic acid expresses various biologic activities:

it serves as a natural antibiotic due to its modest acidic or caustic nature
it reduces fatigue and improves brain performance
it decreases gastric secretion relaxes gastric/duodenal smooth muscles
it eases perimenopausal hot flashes
it reduces the effects of hangovers by activating the degradation of acetaldehyde - a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism - into CO2 and H2O through aerobic metabolism
it reduces hyperactivation of immune system associated with acute and chronic infectious processes
it reduces joint pain
it accelerates iron absorption
it normalizes adrenal function
it improves glucose control and protects liver function